constituition.org

Part V: The Union

Articles 52–151

  1. The President and Vice-President
  2. Article 52 The President of IndiaThere shall be a President of India.
  3. Article 53 Executive power of the Union(1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either…
  4. Article 54 Election of PresidentThe President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of (a) the elected members…
  5. Article 55 Manner of election of President(1) As far as practicable, there shall be uniformity in the scale of representation of the different States…
  6. Article 56 Term of office of President(1) The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his…
  7. Article 57 Eligibility for re-electionA person who holds, or who has held, office as President shall, subject to the other provisions of this…
  8. Article 58 Qualifications for election as President(1) No person shall be eligible for election as President unless he (a) is a citizen of India, (b) has…
  9. Article 59 Conditions of President’s office(1) The President shall not be a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of…
  10. Article 60 Oath or affirmation by the PresidentEvery President and every person acting as President or discharging the functions of the President shall,…
  11. Article 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President(1) When a President is to be impeached for violation of the Constitution, the charge shall be preferred by…
  12. Article 62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy(1) An election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be…
  13. Article 63 The Vice-President of IndiaThere shall be a Vice-President of India.
  14. Article 64 The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of StatesThe Vice-President shall be ex officio Chairman of the Council of the States and shall not hold any other…
  15. Article 65 The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President(1) In the event of the occurrence of any vacancy in the office of the President by reason of his death,…
  16. Article 66 Election of Vice-President(1) The Vice-President shall be elected by the [members of an electoral college consisting of the members of…
  17. Article 67 Term of office of Vice-PresidentThe Vice-President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his…
  18. Article 68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy(1) An election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of Vice-President shall be…
  19. Article 69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-PresidentEvery Vice President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe before the President, or…
  20. Article 70 Discharge of President’s functions in other contingenciesParliament may make such provision as it thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the President in…
  21. Article 71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President(1) All doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the election of a President or…
  22. Article 72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases(1) The President shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or…
  23. Article 73 Extent of executive power of the Union(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend (a) to the…
  24. Council of Ministers
  25. Article 74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President[(1) There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the…
  26. Article 75 Other provisions as to Ministers(1) The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the…
  27. The Attorney-General for India
  28. Article 76 Attorney-General for India(1) The President shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court to be…
  29. Conduct of Government Business
  30. Article 77 Conduct of business of the Government of India(1) All executive action of the Government of India shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the…
  31. Article 78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etcIt shall be the duty of the Prime Minister (a) to communicate to the President all decisions of the Council…
  32. General
  33. Article 79 Constitution of ParliamentThere shall be a Parliament for the Union which shall consist of the President and two Houses to be known…
  34. Article 80 Composition of the Council of States(1) [2 The Council of States] shall consist of (a) twelve members to be nominated by the President in…
  35. Article 81 Composition of the House of the People(1) [Subject to the provisions of article 331 5], the House of the People shall consist of (a) not more than…
  36. Article 82 Readjustment after each censusUpon the completion of each census, the allocation of seats in the House of the People to the States and the…
  37. Article 83 Duration of Houses of Parliament(1) The Council of States shall not be subject to dissolution, but as nearly as possible one-third of the…
  38. Article 84 Qualification for membership of ParliamentA person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in Parliament unless he (a) is a citizen of…
  39. Article 85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution(1) The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as…
  40. Article 86 Right of President to address and send messages to Houses(1) The President may address either House of Parliament or both Houses assembled together, and for that…
  41. Article 87 Special address by the President(1) At the commencement of [the first session after each general election to the House of the People and at…
  42. Article 88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects HousesEvery Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take…
  43. Officers of Parliament
  44. Article 89 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States(1) The Vice-President of India shall be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. (2) The Council of…
  45. Article 90 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy ChairmanA member holding office as Deputy Chairman of the Council of States— (a) shall vacate his office if he…
  46. Article 91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman(1) While the office of Chairman is vacant, or during any period when the Vice-President is acting as, or…
  47. Article 92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration(1) At any sitting of the Council of States, while any resolution for the removal of the Vice-President from…
  48. Article 93 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the PeopleThe House of the People shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the House to be respectively Speaker…
  49. Article 94 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy SpeakerA member holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the House of the People (a) shall vacate his office…
  50. Article 95 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker(1) While the office of Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office shall be performed by the Deputy Speaker…
  51. Article 96 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration(1) At any sitting of the House of the People, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his…
  52. Officers of Parliament
  53. Article 97 Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy SpeakerThere shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and…
  54. Article 98 Secretariat of Parliament(1) Each House of Parliament shall have a separate secretarial staff: Provided that nothing in this clause…
  55. Conduct of Business
  56. Article 99 Oath or affirmation by membersEvery member of either House of Parliament shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the…
  57. Article 100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum(1) Save as otherwise provided in this Constitution, all questions at any sitting of either House or joint…
  58. Disqualifications of Members
  59. Article 101 Vacation of seats(1) No person shall be a member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by…
  60. Article 102 Disqualifications for membership(1) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of either House of…
  61. Article 103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members(1) If any question arises as to whether a member of either House of Parliament has become subject to any of…
  62. Article 104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualifiedIf a person sits or votes as a member of either House of Parliament before he has complied with the…
  63. Article 105 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and to the rules and standing orders regulating the…
  64. Article 106 Salaries and allowances of membersMembers of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from…
  65. Legislative Procedure
  66. Article 107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills(1) Subject to the provisions of articles 109 and 117 with respect to Money Bills and other financial Bills,…
  67. Article 108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases(1) If after a Bill has been passed by one House and transmitted to the other House (a) the Bill is rejected…
  68. Article 109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills(1) A Money Bill shall not be introduced in the Council of States. (2) After a Money Bill has been passed by…
  69. Article 110 Definition of “Money Bills”(1) For the purposes of this Chapter, a Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains only…
  70. Article 111 Assent to BillsWhen a Bill has been passed by the Houses of Parliament, it shall be presented to the President, and the…
  71. Procedure in Financial Matters
  72. Article 112 Annual financial statement(1) The President shall in respect of every financial year cause to be laid before both the Houses of…
  73. Article 113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates(1) So much of the estimates as relates to expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India shall not…
  74. Article 114 Appropriation Bills(1) As soon as may be after the grants under article 113 have been made by the House of the People, there…
  75. Article 115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants(1) The President shall (a) if the amount authorised by any law made in accordance with the provisions of…
  76. Article 116 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants(1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, the House of the People shall have…
  77. Article 117 Special provisions as to financial Bills(1) A Bill or amendment making provision for any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of…
  78. Procedure Generally
  79. Article 118 Rules of procedure(1) Each House of Parliament may make rules for regulating, subject to the provisions of this Constitution,…
  80. Article 119 Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial businessParliament may, for the purpose of the timely completion of financial business, regulate by law the…
  81. Article 120 Language to be used in Parliament(1) Notwithstanding anything in Part XVII, but subject to the provisions of article 348, business in…
  82. Procedure Generally
  83. Article 121 Restriction on discussion in ParliamentNo discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court…
  84. Article 122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament(1) The validity of any proceedings in Parliament shall not be called in question on the ground of any…
  85. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
  86. Article 123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament(1) If at any time, except when both Houses of Parliament are in session, the President is satisfied that…
  87. The union Judiciary
  88. Article 124 Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court(1) There shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India and, until Parliament by…
  89. Article 124A National Judicial Appointments Commission(1) There shall be a Commission to be known as the National Judicial Appointments Commission consisting of…
  90. Article 124B Functions of CommissionIt shall be the duty of the National Judicial Appointments Commission to— (a) recommend persons for…
  91. Article 124C Power of Parliament to make lawParliament may, by law, regulate the procedure for the appointment of Chief Justice of India and other…
  92. Article 125 Salaries, etc., of Judges\(1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament…
  93. Article 126 Appointment of acting Chief JusticeWhen the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or…
  94. Article 127 Appointment of ad hoc Judges(1) If at any time there should not be a quorum of the Judges of the Supreme Court available to hold or…
  95. Article 128 Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme CourtNotwithstanding anything in this Chapter, 2[the National Judicial Appointments Commission] may at any time,…
  96. Article 129 Supreme Court to be a court of recordThe Supreme Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the…
  97. Article 130 Seat of Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place or places, as the Chief Justice of India may,…
  98. Article 131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme CourtSubject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other…
  99. Article 131A Exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of Central lawsOmitted by amendment.
  100. Article 132 Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in the…
  101. Article 133 Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters\(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding…
  102. Article 134 Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal…
  103. Article 134A Certificate for appeal to the Supreme CourtEvery High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1)…
  104. Article 135 Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme CourtUntil Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with…
  105. Article 136 Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave…
  106. Article 137 Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme CourtSubject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme…
  107. Article 138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court(1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in…
  108. Article 139 Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writsParliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including…
  109. Article 139A Transfer of certain cases[(1) Where cases involving the same or substantially the same questions of law are pending before the…
  110. Article 140 Ancillary powers of the Supreme CourtParliament may by law make provision for conferring upon the Supreme Court such supplemental powers not…
  111. Article 141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courtsThe law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.
  112. Article 142 Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc(1) The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is…
  113. Article 143 Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court(1) If at any time it appears to the President that a question of law or fact has arisen, or is likely to…
  114. Article 144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme CourtAll authorities, civil and judicial, in the territory of India shall act in aid of the Supreme Court.
  115. Article 144A Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of lawsOmitted by amendment.
  116. Article 145 Rules of Court, etc(1) Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, the Supreme Court may from time to time, with…
  117. Article 146 Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court(1) Appointments of officers and servants of the Supreme Court shall be made by the Chief Justice of India…
  118. Article 147 InterpretationIn this Chapter and in Chapter V of Part VI, references to any substantial question of law as to the…
  119. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
  120. Article 148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India(1) There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India who shall be appointed by the President by…
  121. Article 149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-GeneralThe Comptroller and Auditor-General shall perform such duties and exercise such powers in relation to the…
  122. Article 150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the StatesThe accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in such form as the President may, on the advice…
  123. Article 151 Audit reports(1) The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall…
Read Part V in the whole Constitution