Part III: Fundamental Rights
Articles 12–35
- General
- Article 12 DefinitionIn this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State” includes the Government and Parliament of…
- Article 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights(1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in…
- Right to Equality
- Article 14 Equality before lawThe State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within…
- Article 15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex,…
- Article 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment(1)There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment…
- Article 17 Abolition of Untouchability“Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability…
- Article 18 Abolition of titles(1) No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State. (2) No citizen…
- Right to Freedom
- Article 19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc(1) All citizens shall have the right (a) to freedom of speech and expression; (b) to assemble peaceably and…
- Article 20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences(1) No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the…
- Article 21 Protection of life and personal libertyNo person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
- Article 21A Right to educationThe State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in…
- Article 22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases(1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the…
- Right to Exploitation
- Article 23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any…
- Article 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etcNo child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any…
- Right to freedom of Religion
- Article 25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion(1) Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are…
- Article 26 Freedom to manage religious affairsSubject to public order, morality and health, every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have…
- Article 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religionNo person shall be compelled to pay any taxes, the proceeds of which are specifically appropriated in…
- Article 28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions(1) No religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State…
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Article 29 Protection of interests of minorities(1) Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct…
- Article 30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions(1) All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer…
- Right to Property
- Article 31 Compulsory acquisition of propertyOmitted by amendment.
- Saving of Certain Laws
- Article 31A Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law providing for (a) the acquisition by the State…
- Article 31B Validation of certain Acts and RegulationsWithout prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in article 31A, none of the Acts and…
- Article 31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principlesNotwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards…
- Article 31D Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activitiesOmitted by amendment.
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Article 32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part(1) The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights…
- Article 32A Constitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32Omitted by amendment.
- Article 33 Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etcParliament may, by law, determine to what extent any of the rights conferred by this Part shall, in their…
- Article 34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any areaNotwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any…
- Article 35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this PartNotwithstanding anything in this Constitution, (a) Parliament shall have, and the Legislature of a State…